Fractional distillation is the process to filter out components having different boiling points within a liquid. It is often used to single out the desired product after going through a chemical reaction. In fact, it is an intermediary step in multiple-step reaction series. Mentioned below is the procedure to set up a standard fractional distillation apparatus.
Step 1
Put the two stands one after the other within the reach of sink and rubber tubing. In the later stages, you would need to connect the rubber tubing to the sink faucet along with the condenser which can get difficult.
Step 2
Since you would need to attach one of the lab clamps to the lab stand, you would need to screw the open end at the back to offer a solid attachment for the metal rod on the stand.
Step 3
Next, put the round-bottomed flask within the clamp grip. Make sure that the flask opening is faced upwards.
Step 4
Now a few boiling chips need to be dropped into the flask.
Step 5
The round bottomed flask has to be fitted into the fractioning colu
mn within the opening.Step 6
Now the Y adapter needs to be fitted on the top of the fractioning column.
Step 7
The other lab clamp should now be attached to the other lab stand. The clamp grips of this one has to be horizontal.
Step 8
Condenser Y needs to be connected to the Y adapter. For securing the connection well in place, use a connector clip.
Step 9
Now attach the vacuum adapter at the end of the condenser and again secure this connection using a connector clip.
Step 10
The collection flask should now be placed at the outflow of the vacuum adapter.
Step 11
Slip in the thermometer within the thermometer adapter and fix it on the top of the Y adapter. If everything has been done correctly, the thermometer would now be inside the Y adapter close to the adapter outflow within the condenser.
Step 12
A bunsen burner has to be placed under the round-bottomed flask.
Step 13
Fix the rubber tubing with the sink faucet. The higher opening on the condenser should be connected to the other end of the tube.
Step 14
Similarly, the lower opening on the condenser has to be attached with the other rubber tube and put the other end of the tube inside the sink.
Step 15
Finally, turn the faucet on slowly and steadily. It just needs a small water flow to cool the condenser as too much of water flow might end up the tube to pop off.
To know more about distillation apparatuses, click here.
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