A differential gear is a device which is capable of transmitting torque as well as rotation through three shafts. The transmitted energy can be used in two ways. In the first one, it receives only a single input but provides two output whereas, in the second one it receives two input to produce only one output. In the common wheeled vehicles, it supplies equal torque and allows the wheels to rotate at different speed in road wheels.
A differential gear interlocks with other gear to produce a highly efficient torque. The torque is supplied from the side of the differential gear to the axis of the shaft. Once the torque decreases, the gear separating forces also decreases which allow the axis of the shaft to rotate independently. A differential gear can maximize or minimize the movement of the two inputs. The number of the revolution is proportionate to the movement of both the inputs. It also converts the lengthwise flow of the energy from engine through clutch, transmission and propeller shafts which are right angled. These changes make the wheels turn through the engine power.
A differential gear has the two coaxial gears – pinions and turntable. The pinions are fixed on middle shafts and the shafts are then joined to a fixed carrier called the turntable. It is greased with fluid that soaks up the heat to maximize the performance of the gear and wheel as well. Continual driving increases the heat transmission to the fluid causing it to break which may result in contact of two metal. The contact of two metals stop the gear from turning the wheel. To maintain the longevity , fluid should be replaced or check regularly.
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